Refugio Oil Spill: What Restoration Looks Like 5 Years Later
Looking Back
It has been over five years since the Refugio Oil Spill devastated the Gaviota Coast. A stark reminder of the catastrophic 1969 oil spill, Santa Barbara County was again under a State of Emergency. The economy, public health, and the environment were negatively impacted as 136 square miles of coastline were shut down. Fishers’ livelihoods were at risk, state parks and campgrounds were closed, people could not enjoy the beach for weeks, and countless wildlife were badly injured and killed. The impacts resulting from this disaster could have, and should have, been avoided.
Plains All American Pipeline, the owner of the ruptured pipeline (Line 901) that spilled 451,500 gallons of crude oil onto Refugio Beach and into the ocean,[1] did not operate the pipeline with an automatic valve shut off system. Such a system would have limited the size of the spill and prevented the oil from reaching the ocean.[2] County wide protests and historic outrage against the fossil fuel industry were refueled as response efforts were too slow in reducing the spread of the oil and mitigating the negative environmental impacts.[3]
Response Efforts
Many members of the community wanted to be involved in the cleanup process, but confusion about who to call or how to volunteer overburdened the response efforts. Many locals were shocked that official personnel were not working on the scene immediately to remove oil form the coastline. The U.S. Coast Guard, which was the Unified Command Initial Response Leader at the time, did not allow for its designated first responders to begin meaningful containment and cleanup efforts until the next morning. In part because of a lack of effective immediate response, ordinary citizens took it upon themselves to clean the oiled beaches and rescue wildlife, risking their own health. To fill the void that responsible agencies should have taken, local organizations stepped up as community liaisons and leaders.
The Environmental Defense Center (EDC) became a leader in improving volunteer opportunities and engagement with nonprofits and the community for future spill events. Various nonprofits and stakeholders, including the U.S. Coast Guard and other agencies, collaborated to create subcommittees to streamline the communication process, discuss best technology for response, and improve outreach and education. Scientists, researchers, fishers, local agencies, and community leaders were part of the subcommittee process and met for over a year to improve stakeholder engagement. Comprehensive volunteer management and community outreach plans were created to enhance future cleanup and response efforts. Another successful outcome was appointing the Santa Barbara County Fire Department (SBCFD) as a first responder and incident commander, so that during future spill events firefighters can arrive on scene and take immediate action, deploy necessary resources, and begin rapid response efforts. If this was the case during the Refugio Spill, the magnitude of damages would most likely have been reduced, since the SBCFD could have begun immediate response efforts due to the first responders’ commands. Instead, SBCFD and personnel onsite the day of the spill had to wait until the next day to begin cleanup efforts.
5 Years Later: The Restoration Process
While improvements have been made for future response efforts, restoration of the Refugio Oil Spill is still in the planning stages more than five years later. As part of the official response efforts, a federally mandated Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan (DARP) is required to restore habitat, wildlife, and natural resources that were damaged form the Refugio Oil Spill. Federal and State Agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, CA Department of Fish and Wildlife, CA Department of Parks and Recreation, University of California, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, and CA State Lands Commission collaborated as the Trustees to complete the draft DARP.
Since an oil spill in the ocean can never be fully contained, the DARP aims to restore habitat and injuries to community resources from the Refugio Oil Spill through compensatory restoration. The goal of compensatory restoration is to make up for the interim loss of the injured resources through related restoration activities. The draft DARP describes and quantifies injuries to birds, mammals, marine habitats, and impacted human uses, and quantifies potential restoration project benefits. EDC, working to demand full restoration of injuries to the environment and public health harmed by the spill, reviewed the DARP and supported many of the proposed restoration projects, but a few suggestions and concerns remain.
Improvements Must Be Made
A major concern EDC identified in our comments is that the amount of oil spilled from Plains’ Line 901 may not be adequately quantified in the injuries and restoration project assessments. The U.S. Department of Transportation Failure Investigation Report determined that 123,000 gallons of oil was released, which is the official number being used to determine the scale and funding of the proposed restoration projects.[4] However, UCSB experts determined that approximately 3.5 times that amount, or 451,500 gallons of oil, ruptured from line 901.[5] EDC requested that the UCSB report be mentioned and considered in the DARP, so the true restoration requirements for the damages to natural resources are represented in the selected restoration projects, assuming the quantity of oil spilled was much higher than the estimate agencies used. If so, many of the projects could be scaled and allocated more money and resources to restore larger areas of habitat to successfully achieve full compensation.
While EDC has concerns about the assessment of damages, we were pleased to see many promising restoration projects included in the DARP. The Ellwood Seawall Removal project is one such project, not only because it benefits natural resources damaged by the spill, but it also removes remnants of the oil industry. The seawall was used during the Ellwood oil and gas operations in the early to mid 20th century. Removing the seawall will restore ecosystem processes benefitting sandy, subtidal, and fish habitats. The Sand Dune Restoration Project in Ventura is another great restoration project because it will enhance climate change resilience by strengthening adaptation to sea level rise, which is amplified by the activities of the fossil fuel industry. EDC also suggested that beach grooming activities could be prohibited in Ventura and Los Angeles Counties. Beach grooming involves removing debris and seaweeds by a tractor on the shore and importing sand from different beaches. Studies show that beach grooming activities lower the biodiversity of sandy and intertidal habitats. Stopping these detrimental practices can allocate more money, resources, and scale up the size of the chosen DARP restoration projects, allowing for limited resources to result in more impactful restoration projects. EDC also noted that a missed opportunity that could benefit from restoration funds is the Goleta Beach Park Reconfiguration and Restoration Project. This project would provide safe beach access, allow natural shoreline processes and coastal realignment, prevent coastal erosion down the coast, and increase grunion population, which would benefit a multitude of organisms.
Once the DARP is finalized, the CA Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR), the State Trustees, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) will administer funds for projects that will benefit recreation activities.[6] CDPR will allocate funds for recreation projects at State Parks from Gaviota to El Capitan. The State Trustees and NFWF will manage a separate pool of funds through the California South Coast Shoreline Parks and Outdoor Recreation Grants Program. These agencies will solicit grant proposals from the public and other stakeholders. To stay updated on opportunities on the projects that will be chosen and where to apply for grants check out the NFWF website.
The Refugio Oil Spill is a reminder that environmental catastrophes are inevitable with the fossil fuel industry. There is no risk-free way to develop oil. Leaks, ruptures, and spills from pipelines occur all the time. There have been over 700 hazardous pipeline spills in California since 1986.[7] Prevention of new and expanded oil development is necessary to prevent accelerated rates of oil spills. Let this disaster inspire us to demand our elected officials and decision makers to take steps to transition us from fossil fuels to renewable energy solutions that would provide sustainable jobs, reliable energy, and revitalize coastal communities.
[1] Expert Report of Igor Mezic, Ph.D., Andrews v. Plains All American Pipeline, L.P., United States District Court, Central District of California, Case No. 2:15-cv-04113-PSG-JEM, March 29, 2019 (pp. 16-17). Attached hereto as Attachment B.
[2]https://www.noozhawk.com/article/santa_barbara_environmental_groups_refugio_oil_spill
[3] https://www.independent.com/2015/05/25/community-demands-transparency-refugio-spill/
[4] U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Failure Investigation Report, Plains Pipeline, L.P., Line 901 Crude Oil Release, May 19, 2015, Santa Barbara County, California. (May2016).
[5] Expert Report of Igor Mezic, Ph.D., Andrews v. Plains All American Pipeline, L.P., United States District Court, Central District of California, Case No. 2:15-cv-04113-PSG-JEM, March 29, 2019 (pp. 16-17). Attached hereto as Attachment B.
[6] Consent Decree, United States of America, et al. v. Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. (March 13, 2020).
[7]https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/americas_dangerous_pipelines/california_spills.html
Nicole Schmidt is the current Marine Conservation Intern at EDC working to protect marine resources through research, education, and advocacy. She will be going into her second year at the BREN School this fall and is passionate about creatively solving complex environmental problems.
Trackback from your site.
Shaun Murphy
| #
A Mum Reviews is a fantastic resource for students. Their comprehensive reviews on amumreviews.co.uk helped me find the best academic writing services as a college newbie. Check them out!
Reply
poppy mizzi
| #
Your essay is extremely beneficial, and the substance is excellent. I have read many articles, but yours left a lasting impression on me; thank you for sharing. Please visit the page run 3 to have moments of fun and entertainment.
Reply
Anniesteuber
| #
We are grateful for your willingness to open up and trust us with your personal journey. Hello Neighbor
Reply
Solar
| #
This blog post provided valuable information. Thanks! Solar
Reply
aliacacia
| #
Whether you’re a seasoned wordsmith or a casual player looking to sharpen your linguistic prowess, Connections Unlimited offers a refreshing twist on traditional word games.
Reply
Dena Stamm
| #
Your writing is a true testament to your expertise and dedication to your craft. I’m continually impressed by the depth of your knowledge and the clarity of your explanations. Keep up the phenomenal work!
Reply
Reina Lindgren
| #
Your blog is a treasure trove of valuable insights and thought-provoking commentary. Your dedication to your craft is evident in every word you write. Keep up the fantastic work!
Reply
Brionna Osinski
| #
The furry community values individuality and creativity, encouraging members to express themselves authentically.
Reply
Kathryn Swift
| #
The furry community values communication and collaboration, promoting a culture of sharing and feedback among its members.
Reply
local seo
| #
Your innovative approach and clear writing provide an excellent foundation. By implementing these suggestions, you can transform your solid work into an exceptional piece that resonates deeply with a professional audience and makes a significant contribution to your field. Your commitment to excellence is evident, and with these refinements, you will further establish yourself as a thought leader in your area of expertise. I look forward to seeing your continued growth and the impressive results of your efforts.
Reply
Gabriel Leroy
| #
Le respect des modèles est aussi un grand formateur de discipline.
Reply
ivy michael
| #
Five years after the Refugio oil spill, restoration efforts reveal significant progress. I’m impressed by the resilience of both natural affordable protection dogs habitats and communities. While recovery continues, the focus on rehabilitation and monitoring shows a commitment to environmental recovery. It’s a testament to the importance of long-term dedication in addressing ecological impacts.
Reply
Eldred Satterfield
| #
I’ve been following your blog for quite some time now, and I’m continually impressed by the quality of your content. Your ability to blend information with entertainment is truly commendable.
Reply
Jakayla Harber
| #
Your writing is not only informative but also incredibly inspiring. You have a knack for sparking curiosity and encouraging critical thinking. Thank you for being such a positive influence!
Reply
Nelda Terry
| #
Your blog is a constant source of inspiration for me. Your passion for your subject matter shines through in every post, and it’s clear that you genuinely care about making a positive impact on your readers.
Reply
Earnestine Christiansen
| #
Your blog is a beacon of light in the often murky waters of online content. Your thoughtful analysis and insightful commentary never fail to leave a lasting impression. Keep up the amazing work!
Reply
Cary Jerde
| #
Becoming a creator on Pipzr is simple. Start by signing up, and with just a few clicks, you can unlock all the features that will help you grow your community and earn money. Whether you’re a seasoned content creator or just starting out, Pipzr is designed to support you at every step.
Reply
Gayle Bergstrom
| #
Your blog is a testament to your dedication to your craft. Your commitment to excellence is evident in every aspect of your writing. Thank you for being such a positive influence in the online community.
Reply
Asha Gislason
| #
Simply wish to say your article is as amazing The clearness in your post is just nice and i could assume youre an expert on this subject Well with your permission let me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post Thanks a million and please carry on the gratifying work
Reply
Phyllis Harber
| #
Ready to Become a Creator?
Reply
Tyson Cummings
| #
Becoming a creator on Pipzr is simple. Start by signing up, and with just a few clicks, you can unlock all the features that will help you grow your community and earn money. Whether you’re a seasoned content creator or just starting out, Pipzr is designed to support you at every step.
Reply
Luis Olson
| #
Visit Pipzr.com and start your journey to success.
Reply
Gay White
| #
Join our growing community of creators today and start turning your passion into profit. With Pipzr, earning money has never been easier. Sign up now, click the “Become a Creator” button, and you’re on your way to financial freedom. Don’t wait – your next opportunity to earn is just a click away!
Reply
Kaci Schneider
| #
Paid Live Streams: Host private, paid live streams tailored to your availability. Whether it’s a workshop, concert, or Q&A session, you can engage directly with your audience and get paid for your time.
Reply
Roxane Cummerata
| #
Subscriptions: Offer exclusive content to your subscribers and create a steady income stream. Set your own subscription rates and provide your fans with the value they can’t find anywhere else.
Reply
Alice Dare
| #
Custom Content: Cater to specific requests from your community with personalized content. This feature allows you to increase your earnings by offering something truly unique and tailored to your fans’ desires.
Reply
Hortense Schimmel
| #
At Pipzr, we believe that anyone can turn their passion into a thriving business. Our platform offers a variety of ways to help you generate income while doing what you love. Here’s how you can start earning:
Reply
Lee Reynolds
| #
Personalized Interactions: Meet the specific needs of your community by offering tailored content and private messages, making your fans feel valued and appreciated.
Reply
Jerald Bins
| #
Visit Pipzr.com and start your journey to success.
Reply
Webster Casper
| #
Premium Posts: Got something special to share? With our premium post feature, you can charge a one-time fee for exclusive content. This allows you to choose a price and even offer promotions to entice your audience.
Reply
Marisa Larson
| #
Key Features to Boost Your Community
Reply
Grover Kovacek
| #
Custom Content: Cater to specific requests from your community with personalized content. This feature allows you to increase your earnings by offering something truly unique and tailored to your fans’ desires.
Reply
Emerald Macejkovic
| #
Fan Club: Keep your most dedicated fans engaged by regularly updating your private feed with unique content. Build a strong community and keep your fans coming back for more.
Reply